# References — Immune & Thymic Peptide Literature — Peptide HC

> The aggregated citation list for the Peptide HC immune digest: peer-reviewed sources on KPV and Thymulin, with DOIs and PubMed links.

Every source cited across the two peptide pages and the comparison, gathered in one place.

## References

The list below aggregates the cited literature across both peptides on this desk — KPV (references 1-7) and Thymulin (references 8-12). Each entry gives authors, title, journal and year, with a DOI and a PubMed link where available; a single citation is listed once and referred to by its number throughout the site. Where a source is a review or commentary, it is the review that is cited, not the primary studies it summarizes.

## References

[1] Zhang D, et al. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combination treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1442876. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39211778/
[2] Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28143741/
[3] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/
[4] Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18092346/
[5] Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Bohm M. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):581-602. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18612139/
[6] Bonfiglio V, Camillieri G, Avitabile T, Leggio GM, Drago F. Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res. 2006;83(6):1366-1372. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965771/
[7] Getting SJ, Schiöth HB, Perretti M. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12750433/
[8] da Silva AL, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, Cruz FF, Kitoko JZ, Blanco NG, Martini SV, Hanes J, Rocco PRM, Suk JS, Morales MM. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy therapeutically reverses key pathology of experimental allergic asthma. Sci Adv. 2020;6(24):eaay7973. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32577505/
[9] Reggiani PC, Schwerdt JI, Console GM, Roggero EA, Dardenne M, Goya RG. Physiology and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(29):4690-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24588820/
[10] Novoselova EG, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, Lunin SM, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Fesenko EE. Anti-inflammatory effects of IKK inhibitor XII, thymulin, and fat-soluble antioxidants in LPS-treated mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:724838. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25045213/
[11] Reggiani PC, Morel GR, Cónsole GM, Barbeito CG, Rodriguez SS, Brown OA, Bellini MJ, Pléau JM, Dardenne M, Goya RG. The thymus-neuroendocrine axis: physiology, molecular biology, and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1153:98-106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19236333/
[12] Dardenne M, Pleau JM. Interactions between zinc and thymulin. Met Based Drugs. 1994;1(2-3):233-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18476235/

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A literature digest on immune and thymic research peptides — study summaries with citations, not prescriptions.